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Whoosh [hwoosh, hwoosh, woosh, woosh] noun 1. a loud, rushing noise, as of air or water: a great whoosh as the door opened. verb (used without object) 2. to move swiftly with a gushing or hissing noise: gusts of wind whooshing through the trees. verb (used with object) 3. to move (an object, a person, etc.) with a whooshing motion or sound: The storm whooshed the waves over the road. Also, woosh. Origin: 1840-1850; imit.

Pulsatile tinnitus is not tinnitus.
Pulsatile tinnitus is a rhythmical noise that is synchronous with the patient's heartbeat.

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Poll Results: Have Doctors Discovered the Cause of Your Whoosh?

83.8% No (67 votes)

16.2% Yes (13 votes)

Total Votes: 80

We had one comment from a whoosher whose doctors have discovered the cause of the whoosh:

"Since I'm one of the yes's, I have to say for years I was told it was nothing... then one day I went in for my vision and a few months later I was diagnosed with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension, for which, surprise! One of the symptoms is Pulse-Synchronous Tinnitus."

IMPORTANT NOTE:  If you are a whoosher who answered "yes" to this poll, we'd love to hear about your path to finding the cause of your PT.  Please write whooshers@gmail.com...we won't post anything without your prior permission.   

Thanks to everyone who voted! Please see the results from other polls on our Poll Results page, and please vote in the latest Whooshers.com poll on the homepage.  

Wed, September 29, 2010 | link          Comments

Whooshers, Unite!

On October 2, 2010, Whooshers will meet in New York City for the first Whooshers Group event! 

Similar events are in the works for early 2011 in California, Florida and the UK.  Specific cities and venues are being discussed.  If you're interested in meeting other Whooshers in any of these areas, or if you'd like to suggest another area, please write whooshers@gmail.com.

Or even better, visit our group Facebook page and participate in "discussions" (look for the "Discussions" tab) about future events.  There are almost 80 Whooshers there talking about this and all sorts of issues related to "the whoosh," and the group grows each day.  Stop by and say hello!

And thanks for your continued feedback, support and involvement.  Keep it coming!

WhooshEr

Mon, September 20, 2010 | link          Comments

Another Possible Pulsatile Tinnitus Cause: High Jugular Bulb

Some pulsatile tinnitus patients have a high jugular bulb, which means that it rides higher than normal.  

I actually have a high jugular bulb... my doctors have told me I was probably born with it.  And in fact, since I had some MRIs years ago, years before the onset of my PT, we could compare and see that indeed, I had a high jugular bulb years back. 

Here is another medical journal abstract (summary) to share with your doctor.  This study is about a non-invasive technique (ultrasound) to detect a high jugular bulb.  The entire article may be accessed on the site for a fee, but ask your doctor first because they s/he may be able to access it, and this is a medical journal article with some heavy medical lingo.   

Some doctors believe that, for some patients, a high jugular bulb is THE cause of pulsatile tinnitus.  There are some cases (like some in this study) of a high jugular bulb being "repaired" to either minimize the pulsatile tinnitus or remove it completely.  In other patients, like me, a high jugular bulb may be a contributing cause but not THE cause... after all, why would something that I've had my whole life suddenly cause PT?  

I'm not a doctor, but it seems that there is probably still a lot to be researched about the relationship between a high jugular bulb and pulsatile tinnitus.  We'll continue to read and anticipate more studies about diagnosis (like this one) and more in-depth research regarding pulsatile tinnitus patients who were relieved of their symptoms after treatment. 

Do you have a high jugular bulb?  Does your doctor believe it may be a contributing factor in your pulsatile tinnitus?  Have you had any sort of procedure to "correct" it?  Please leave a comment (anonymously is fine!) below.

For more general info about "high jugular bulb," click here.  

Source: "A Convenient Sonographic Technique for Diagnosis of Pulsatile Tinnitus Induced by a High Jugular Bulb," The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Minoru Nakagawa, MD, Norimitsu Miyachi, MLT and Kenjiro Fujiwara, MD, Department of Neurosurgery (M.N., K.F.) and Clinical Laboratory (N.M.), Kosei General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan, J Ultrasound Med 27:139-140 0278-4297, 2008.

Thu, September 16, 2010 | link          Comments

A Pulsatile Tinnitus Success Story -- Another Possible PT Cause: Temporal Bone Defect

A couple weeks ago, I met Cathleen, a pulsatile tinnitus sufferer for 7+ years who had just had surgery to correct the underlying cause of her whooshing.  Since she was willing to share her story with more pulsatile tinnitus sufferers, I am delighted to post her story, in her own words, below.  It's long, but so was her quest for a cure. I appreciated every detail, and I think you will, too.  

As I always remind Whooshers.com readers, there are many possible causes of pulsatile tinnitus.  This is a story about one; it may not be the cause of yours.  And we're not here to self diagnose one another... share this and other stories of cured whooshers with your doctors.  Many (if not most) of them are subjects of medical journal articles, written by doctors from major medical institutions around the world.  

If you're a cured whoosher reading this, please be in touch with us at whooshers@gmail.com.  If you're willing to share your story, it can be posted anonymously, if you wish, to protect your privacy. 

As a pulsatile tinnitus sufferer myself, I think I can speak for all of us and say that real stories like these keep us going and give us hope.  Thank you, Cathleen!  We wish you a speedy recovery... enjoy the well-deserved silence!  Readers, please feel free to leave comments below.

--WhooshEr

About 7 years ago I began noticing this whooshing sound in my left ear that was synchronous with my heartbeat. It wasn't the thump-thump of a heart; it was the actual whoosh of blood flow.

Although I felt no pain, I thought I might have an ear infection, so I visited a local clinic. The doctor there had never heard of such a thing and determined that I had no ear infection. He then prescribed an antibiotic (though no infection existed) and told me to take the all-purpose Benadryl. Neither helped. Thus began a journey of eight different doctors, multiple tests, dismissals or a diagnosis of "it sucks to be you," frustration with the medical community, and finally, at long last, a solution.

I began by educating myself on what was happening to me. There was little information in 2003 on the Internet but I gleaned what I could. Through WebMD and other sources, I discovered that I had something that sounded like pulsatile tinnitus and that I needed to see an otolaryngologist. The American Tinnitus Association sent me a list of several in my area and off I went.

The first three I saw all wanted to give me hearing tests (despite the fact that I had no hearing issues, but hey it was something that insurance would pay for). But once I said the word "tinnitus" they froze up. The third one finally ordered the first (of many) MRIs, but when it came back there was no tumor or anything obvious. I recall that he asked me if the sound went away when I pressed on the vein on my neck and when I said yes, he said "Well, you can just do that when it gets really bad." LOL... gee, thanks Doc.

My actual real life job is research, so I read everything I could get my hands on -- every medical journal, every article, every anecdotal item. I recall the next otolaryngologist I saw got kinda pissy when I talked about the research I'd been doing on the Internet and asked him questions. He gave a snort of derision of disgust, "the Internet." (Looking back, I realize now that he was aggravated that I actually knew more about the condition than he did.)

Having struck out with otolaryngologists, I sought out a neurologist. I found the name of a prominent doctor in my area and tried to make an appointment. One thing I had learned is that doctors' appointment booking clerks like to categorize you. The booking clerk grilled me endlessly about what I had and finally declared that, (I kid you not) the doctor, "don't do nothing with no tinnitus." By that time I had already decided that I didn't want to see a doctor who would employ someone who could construct that sentence.

Another otolaryngologist referred me to House Clinic in Los Angeles. The doctors there were the first to actually know something about my condition. They'd heard of it and I liked them and felt they truly wanted to help. I had more MRIs, CT scans and....no solution. While they all actually believed I was hearing what I was hearing, they could find no cause for it.

Over the years, PT ruined my life in many little ways. With this noise in my head I couldn't get to sleep and I couldn't stay asleep.  The great pleasure of reading became almost impossible. Writing was another joy that fell away; I couldn't concentrate. My work became very challenging and it made me frustrated and cranky when I didn't want to be. Exercise was even difficult because if my heart rate increased, so did the volume of the sound. Headaches were frequent and severe. I learned to "rise above" the sound, but it was a daily battle and not always one that I won. I'm not being a drama queen when I say every once in a great while I even felt the tinniest bit suicidal! Mostly, it was just a constant weight. I did find that using a silicon ear plug (not foam) actually muffled the sound just a little bit so it helped with sleep. And yes, I realize that makes no sense whatsoever because the noise is on the inside of my head, but I guess something about pushing the plug in and creating a vacuum seal worked.  But there was just no real relief.

I found an online posting at The Tinnitus Support Message Board and a medical journal article by Dr. Mattox of Emory University, where he had corrected PT in a patient who had a condition called sigmoid sinus diverticulum. I contacted him directly and he agreed to see me. Again, I had a great deal of trouble getting past the booking clerk. She kept insisting that Dr. Maddox didn't see patients with tinnitus and I kept insisting that I had contacted him directly and he wanted to see me. She finally relented and let me book the appointment.

I arrived at Emory and was swept off for another 2-hour MRI (as someone who is claustrophobic, I can't tell you how much I HATE MRIs). When I got to actually see Dr. Mattox it turned out his assistant had booked the wrong test -- she was supposed to book a CT scan. Sigh. Back to get the CT. Finally Dr. Mattox, who I liked a great deal and also felt wanted to help, reviewed the CT and unfortunately told me I didn't have the condition that his surgery could fix. I say unfortunately because at that stage I was desperately hoping for ANY diagnosis that had a name to it (and of course, despite promises from both the assistant and booking clerk that I would not be charged for the MRI, Emory billed me for BOTH tests and it took six months of phone calls and letter writing to get it fixed. None of this was Dr. Mattox's fault but it was just kind of adding insult to injury, you know? LOL).

Dr. Mattox suggested that perhaps I might be checked for Intracranial Hypertension (also sometimes called Pseudotumor Cerebri). Through the Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation (IHRF), I found the name of Dr. Swaraj Bose, an ophthalmologist at the University of California at Irvine (UCI). I also liked Dr. Bose a lot... after a while you can tell when a doctor is genuinely interested in finding out what is wrong with you and those who just want you gone because they haven't a clue. I had a multitude of tests and found that I did not have intracranial hypertension. Again I was disappointed in a non-diagnosis. But then he said the words that eventually changed my life for the better: "But I know this guy... "

Dr. Bose referred me to Dr. Hamid Djalilian, a neurotologist at UCI. Dr. Bose said Dr. Djalilian, also a skull base surgeon, was really good at diagnosing conditions that others could not. He was an answer finder.  

Very discouraged, I almost didn't make an appointment. What was he going to say that 7 other doctors hadn't already said? But finally I thought, what the hell...

I made an appointment with Dr. Djalilian. It took a while to get in to see him, but he looked at the same stack of MRIs and CT scans that all the other doctors had-- and saw something. By god he saw something. He said it looked like I might have a tiny of malformation of the bone behind my ear; an anatomic plate defect. He ordered another CT and MRI of the temporal bone and confirmed that I had a "left posterior fossa plate defect, with an arachnoid granulation protruding through the left-sided tegmen mastoideum defect." Whew....

Essentially I had divot in the skull bone on the inside that my brain covering was pushing out into and where extra veins had room to form and that could lead to a cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) leak. Something that had probably always been there, I think, but that none of the others doctors had seen, thought to look for, bothered to look for, or even knew what to look for (pick one....).

Dr. Djalilian was VERY cautious in stating this was causing my PT. In fact, he said he did not guarantee it in any way. But PT or not, while not life-threatening, it was a condition that needed to be corrected because of the possibility of a CSF leak leading to meningitis. And it was certainly coincidental that it was only on my left side.

Dr. Djalilian formed a plan to correct this. I had a cranioplasty, mastoid obliteration, and mastoidectomy with abdominal fat graft (please, take ALL you need!). Basically, he bored a hole in my skull bone, repaired the CSF leak, cauterizing some veins, filling the hole with some muscle, bone wax and abdominal fat, and covered it with a small titanium patch. There's actually a video of the surgery highlights on YouTube. Apparently it was a good thing I had this done as he discovered there was already a small CSF leak.

I woke up after surgery with a small bald path behind my ear and a head bandage that makes me look like an extra from MASH, but little pain other than being groggy. And silence. I heard the sounds one would hear in a hospital. But inside my head, there was quiet. I almost cried. Whoo freakin Hoo!

As for the post op, here's the down side. I spent one night in the hospital. The left side of my head felt very gurgly (if there is such a word), popping with a sort of full or underwater feeling from the swelling and this subsided over the next couple weeks. No pain, just a weird feeling.  It's almost completely gone. There was little actual pain at the incision behind my ear (I had no stitches, they used that skin glue stuff) but it was mild and quickly gone. The area felt numb mostly and this, too, has recently begun to subside. They shaved only about an inch of hair behind my ear -- you can't even see it. I did experience some pain in my left jaw when chewing if I opened my mouth too wide. Again, this has subsided with time.  Every day gets a little better. I was on antibiotics for 10 days (which frankly made me feel more wiped out than the surgery) and diamox for the swelling. They gave me some vicodin but I didn't need it after the first couple days. I was back at work in six days. Right now I'm 40 days post op and I'm feeling pretty dang good.

The upside: I have silence in my head. After eight years, no whooshing. No swooshing. I would do the surgery again in a moment.

As anyone who has PT knows, the great problem is that there is no one diagnosis, no one cause, no one cure. So my "fossa plate defect" may not be the cause of yours; my solution may not be your solution. But it's something to ask your doctor about. If I can offer any advice, it's educate yourself as much as you can about all of the possibilities, bypass your local otolaryngologist in favor of the otolaryngologist department at a university/teaching hospital, where they are more likely to have actually heard of your condition. Refrain from using the "tinnitus" word when discussing your condition with the booking clerk or sometimes even your doctor; my experience was that the minute they hear that, they immediately assign you to the ringing-in-your-ears category and want nothing to do with you. Just describe your symptoms.

And don't give up!

--Cathleen

Mon, September 6, 2010 | link          Comments

“An End-of-Summer Ode to My A/C Unit,” by a Pulsatile Tinnitus Sufferer

Dear, dear friend:

Summer is almost over.
Long days get shorter, 

cool breezes revisit,
dry air replaces the soupy muck until 

next spring.

Soon, I'll be turning you off, dear A/C

unit by my bed.

Oh, that day I dread. 

No more cold white noise
to drown out my whoosh 

at night.

Another whooshing summer. Gone.
You know it and you show it:
you're getting old (so am I, but I digress).

Sure, you're loud and you rumble
like a freight train.
Unique! Antique!
Your model generation has long been out of stock,
but your loyalty endures.

The young, brand new, sleek and quiet versions of you
wait
on store shelves. On sale.

Tempted? Me?
Never!
How could I say farewell to my loud whooshsaver,
forever?
You rid the air of humidity, hot air and... 

my whoosh!!

No sound machine rivals you,
my dear A/C!

Soon, I'll be longing for nights of air-conditioned
delight, with your

LOUD 

whooshing 

hum
that masks my own,

to help me sleep.



So, as whooshers in the southern hemisphere
dust theirs off with delight,
I say: So long.
'Til next year, dear A/C.
You deserve a break.
And chances are I'll need you
before next summer rolls in.
Maybe even on a snowy evening, 

for a restful sleep, 

just like
old times.



Whoosh. Whoosh.


-WhooshEr

Fri, September 3, 2010 | link          Comments


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RESOURCES

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulsatile Tinnitus, Dr. Maksim Shapiro, NYU Neurointerventional Radiology Section, NYU Langone Medical Center - neuroangio.org

Radiation Dose Chart - American Nuclear Society (ANS) Public Information Resources Page: Click here for an interactive dose chart for various medical diagnostic tests. A downloadable and printable version is also available on this page. Discuss with your doctors.

Find a Neurotologist: American Neurotological Society (ANS) Membership Roster

Find a Neurointervention Specialist: Society of Neurointerventional Surgery (SNIS)- Click on "Doctor Finder"

Find a Neuro-Ophthalmologist: The North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society (NANOS)

Site: Neuroangio.org - Your neurovascular education and information resource. Patient Information.

UCSF Pulsatile Tinnitus Clinic

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus: Differential Diagnosis and Radiological Work-Up," Sjoert A. H. Pegge, Stefan C. A. Steens, Henricus P. M. Kunst, and Frederick J. A. Meijer, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlands. (SEE TABLE 1).

Presentation: "Algorithm for Evaluation of Rhythmic Tinnitus," Douglas E Mattox, MD, Patricia Hudgins, MD, Jahrsdoerfer Lecture, University of Virginia, March 25, 2010. (This link is to the abstract/summary)

Presentation: "Imaging of the Patient with Tinnitus," Mary Beth Cunnane MD, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Dec 2013. (NEW! Mentions Pulsatile Tinnitus and Whooshers.com. Republished with Permission.)

Article: "Imaging in Pulsatile Tinnitus: Diagnostic Pearls and Potential Pitfalls," B. S. Purohit, R. Hermans, K. Op de beeck; 1SINGAPORE/SG, 2Leuven/BE, European Society of Radiology, 2014.

Article: "Imaging In Pulsatile Tinnitus : When Should It Ring A Bell?" G. Bathla1, V. Chong; 1singapore/SG, 2Singapore/SG, European Society of Radiology, 2012."

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus: Contemporary Assessment and Management," Aristides Sismanis, Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery: October 2011 - Volume 19 - Issue 5 - p 348357 doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283493fd8, Otology and neuro-otology: Edited by Myles L. Pensak.

NEW Article: "Emergence of Venous Stenosis as the Dominant Cause of Pulsatile Tinnitus," Eytan RazErez NossekDaniel Jethanamest, Vinayak Narayan, Aryan Ali, Vera Sharashidze, Tibor Becske, Peter K. Nelson, Maksim Shapiro, Originally published8 May 2022 https://doi.org/10.1161/SVIN.121.000154, American Heart Association Journal - Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology. 2022;0:e000154

Article: "Temporal Bone: Vascular Tinnitus," William W.M. Lo and M. Marcel Maya, Vascular, pp.1361-1374, 2003.

Article: "Diagnostic Clues in Pulsatile Tinnitus (Somatosounds)," Carlos Herraiza and José Miguel Aparicioa, Unidad de Acúfenos; Instituto ORL Antolí-Candela, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Otorrinolaringología, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Quirón, Madrid, Spain, Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2007;58(9):426-33. This is a link to the article abstract.

Article: "How I Struggled with (PULSATILE) Tinnitus," The Story of Actor Graham Cole, Daily Mail Online, January 10, 2007.

Article: "I Got Lifesaving OP for Whooshing Thanks to US Help," David Powell, Daily Post UK, DPW West, Feb 19, 2013.

Article: "Vital Signs: An Unwelcome Ringing," by Dr. Christopher Linstrom, Discover Magazine, April 2010. (About a cured patient with pulsatile tinnitus symptoms!)

Article: "Tinnitus Highlights Poor Doctor Patient Communication," Martin Young, MBChB, FCS(SA), Diagnosis and Treatment, KevinMd.Com, November 2010.

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus: Recent Advances in Diagnosis," Aristides Sismanis MD, Wendy R. K. Smoker, MD, The Laryngoscope, Volume 104, Issue 6, pages 681-688, June 1994. ABSTRACT (Summary)

Article: "Neuroradiologic Assessment of Pulsatile Tinnitus," Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL: Dr Kircher and Dr Leonetti; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI: Dr Standring; Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Chicago, IL. Sept. 22-24, 2008. (CLICKING THIS LINK WILL DOWNLOAD THE PDF FILE)

Article: "Imaging of Tinnitus: A Review," Jane L. Weissman, MD and Barry E. Hirsch, MD, Radiology, August 2000.

Article: "Imaging in Pulsatile Tinnitus," G. Madania and S.E.J. Connor, Clinical Radiology, Volume 64, Issue 3, Pages 319-328 (March 2009).

Article: "Imaging of the Patient With Tinnitus," Mary Beth Cunnane MD, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, December 31, 2013. (NEW! Mentions Whooshers.com and PULSATILE tinnitus as well.)

Article: "Imaging of Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Review of 74 Patients," Guner Sonmez, C Cinar Basekim, Ersin Ozturk, Atilla Gungor, Esref Kizilkaya, Clinical Imaging, Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 102-108 (March 2007). (This is an abstract/summary-you have to pay to see the article in its entirety)

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Review of 84 Patients," Daniel Waldvogel, Heinrich P. Mattle, Matthias Sturzenegger and Gerhard Schroth, Journal of Neurology, Volume 245, Number 3, 137-142, DOI: 10.1007/s004150050193, November 12, 1997.

Article: "Role of Angiography in the Evaluation of Patients With Pulsatile Tinnitus," Edward J. Shin, MD; Anil K. Lalwani, MD; Christopher F. Dowd, MD, Laryngoscope 110: November 2000. (PDF FILE)

Article: "Angioplasty and Stenting for Intractable Pulsatile Tinnitus Caused by Dural Venous Sinus Stenosis: A Case Series Report," Li Baomin, Shi Yongbing, and Cao Xiangyu, Dept of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, Otol Neurotol. 35.366-370. Dec 2014.

Article: "CT Angiography as a Screening Tool for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula in Patients with Pulsatile Tinnitus: Feasibility and Test Characteristics," J. Narvid, H.M. Do, N.H. Blevins and N.J. Fishbein, American Journal of Neuroradiology 32:446-453, March 2011.

Article: "Brain Dural Arteriovenous Fistula (BDAVF)," Patient Information, www.NeuroAngio.org

Article: "Usefulness of C-Arm Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Endovascular Treatment of Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistulas: A Technical Case Report," Sato, Kenichi MD, PhD; Matsumoto, Yasushi MD; Kondo, Ryushi MD, PhD; Tominaga, Teiji MD, PhD, Neurosurgery: August 2010 - Volume 67 - Issue 2 - p 467470.

Article (Abstract): "A Convenient Sonographic Technique for Diagnosis of Pulsatile Tinnitus Induced by a High Jugular Bulb," The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Minoru Nakagawa, MD, Norimitsu Miyachi, MLT and Kenjiro Fujiwara, MD, Department of Neurosurgery (M.N., K.F.) and Clinical Laboratory (N.M.), Kosei General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan, J Ultrasound Med 27:139-140 0278-4297, 2008.

Article: "Surgical Treatment of the High Jugular Bulb in Patients with Ménières Disease and Pulsatile Tinnitus," V. Couloigner, A. Bozorg Grayeli, D. Bouccara, N. Julien and O. Sterkers, European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Volume 256, Number 5, 224-229, DOI: 10.1007/s004050050146 (ABSTRACT)

Article: "Brain AVM," (arteriovenous malformation), MayoClinic.com

Article: "Chiari Malformation," MayoClinic.com

Article: "Ménière's Disease," National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)

Article: "TMJ Disorders," MayoClinic.com

Article: "Anemia," American Society of Hematology, Hemotology.org

Article: "Pseudotumor Cerebri," (also called Benign Intracranial Hypertension) MayoClinic.com

Article: "Pulse-Synchronous Tinnitus," The Intracranial Hypertension Research Foundation

Article: "Coarctation of the Aorta," MayoClinic.com

Article: "Man Cured of Hearing His Eyeballs Move," www.bbc.co.uk, July 27, 2011. Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SCDS)

Article: "Diagnosis and Cure of Venous Hum Tinnitus," Laryngoscope, Chandler JR, 93(7):892-5, July 1983.

Article: (Abstract) "Sinus Wall Reconstruction for Sigmoid Sinus Diverticulum and Dehiscence: A Standardized Surgical Procedure for a Range of Radiographic Findings," Dr. DJ Eisenman, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Otology Neurotology, 32(7):1116-9; September 2011.

Article: (Abstract) "Awake Embolization of Sigmoid Sinus Diverticulum Causing Pulsatile Tinnitus: Simultaneous Confirmative Diagnosis and Treatment," Park YH, Kwon HJ, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, Interv Neuroradiol. 2011 Sep;17(3):376-9. Epub 2011 Oct 17. (NEW!)

Article: "A New Therapeutic Procedure for Treatment of Objective Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus," Sanchez TG, Murao M, Medeiros HRT, Kii M, Bento RF, Caldas JG, et al. Int Tinnitus J. 2002;8(1):54-57.

Article: "Glomus Tympanicum," The New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 362:e66, Number 22, June 3, 2010.

Article: "Resolution of Pulsatile Tinnitus Following an Upper Mediastinal Lymph Node Resection," Wang YZ, Boudreaux JP, Campeau RJ, Woltering EA, South Med J. 2010 Apr;103(4):374-7.

Article: (Abstract) "Dissection of the Internal Carotid Artery After SCUBA-Diving: A Case Report and Review of the Literature," Franz Hafner, MD,* Thomas Gary, MD,* Froehlich Harald, MD,* Ernst Pilger,* Reinhard Groell, PD,w and Marianne, Brodmann* "Neurologist. 17(2):79-82, March 2011. (NEW!)

Article: "Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula," Bobby S. Korn, M.D., Ph.D., and Kang Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., N Engl J Med 2011; 364:e15, February, 24, 2011. (WARNING: GRAPHIC IMAGES)

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus Cured by Mastoidectomy," Duvillard C, Ballester M, Redon E, Romanet P., Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Général, Dijon, France, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, September 2004.

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Symptom of Chronic Subclavian Artery Occlusion," Marcio Francisco Lehmann, Charbel Mounayer, Goetz Benndorf, Michel Piotin, and Jacques Moret, AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:19601963, September 2005 (PDF).

Article: "Carotid Endarterectomy Relieves Pulsatile Tinnitus Associated with Severe Ipsilateral Carotid Stenosis," J Kirkby-Bott, H.H Gibbs, European Journal of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Volume 27, Issue 6, Pages 651-653, June 2004.

Article: "MR Angiography Imaging of Absence Vertebral Artery Causing of Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Case Report," *Mehmet Cudi Tuncer; **Yekta Helbest Akgül & *Özlen Karabulut,* Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbak¹r, Turkey.** Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Özel Diyarbakr Hospital, 21100, Diyarbakr, Turkey, International Journal of Morphology, v.28 n.2 Temuco Jun. 2010."

Article: "Endovascular Treatment of Sigmoid Sinus Aneurysm Presenting as Devastating Pulsatile Tinnitus. A Case Report and Review of Literature." Mehanna R, Shaltoni H. Morsi H, Mawad M., Interv Neuroradiol. 2010 Dec;16(4):451-4. Epub 2010 Dec 17.

"Pulsatile Tinnitus Caused by an Aneurysm of the Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus: A New Case Report and Review of Literature," Lenck S, Mosimann PJ, Labeyrie MA, Houdart E., Department of Neuroradiology, hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France, J Neuroradiol. 2012 Oct;39(4):276-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neurad.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Sep 29. (NEW!)

Article: "Intractable Tinnitus and Sensorineural Deafness Cured by Surgical Correction of Coarctation of Aorta," S. Rathinam, A.M. Pettigrew, J.C.S. Pollack, Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery 3:431-433 (2004).

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus," Don McFerran FRCS Consultant Otolaryngologist Essex County Hospital, Colchester, British Tinnitus Association, October 2007.

Article: "Pulsatile Tinnitus and Dural Arteriovenous Malformation (Dural AVM)," G. A. J. Morrison, The Journal of Laryngology & Otology (1989), 103:1073-1075 Cambridge University Press (ABSTRACT).

Article: "Medical Mystery: Giving Birth Didn't Ease a Woman's Dangerous Hypertenstion," Sandra G. Boodman, The Washington Post, October 17, 2011.

Article: "That Noise Wasn't Just Tinnitus," Sandra G. Boodman, Special to The Washington Post, July 7, 2009

Article: "What's That Noise In Her?" H. Lee Kagan, Discovery Magazine, January 2006. (About a patient with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and her doctor whose patience and persistence paid off).

Article: "The 'Rare' Disease That Isn't," Thomas M. Burton, The Wall Street Journal, June 27, 2009

Article: "Diseases and Conditions/ Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD)," Cleveland Clinic. Lists symptoms, details, treatments, and resources including Whooshers.com.

Article: Unraveling Pulsatile Tinnitus in FMD: A Report of the United States Registry For Fibromuscular Dysplasia."

Video: "A Rare Disease That May Be Underdiagnosed," Thomas M. Burton, June 26, 2009 (Hear an example of a whooshing sound in this short video)

Whooshers.com Pulsatile Tinnitus Sounds (Real Ones Recorded by Real Whooshers!)

Audio: Having trouble describing the sound you hear to others? Listen to this collection of sounds that whoosh and see if you can find a match to yours! Demonstrations: Heart Sounds & Murmurs, from the University of Washington Department of Medicine

Whooshers.com Review: SleepPhones- Soft, comfortable headphones to help mask the whoosh for a good night's sleep.

Replace "ringing" with "whooshing," and here it is: our theme song.